Baltimore Sun Op-Ed: US Aid Cuts are a Blow to Global Education

This opinion piece was original published by The Baltimore Sun on September 23, 2025.

As children are back in school here in the United States, the fate of millions of children worldwide who benefited from U.S. investments in their basic education remains unclear. Recent estimates note that the number of out-of-school children worldwide stands at 272 million, and the number is likely to rise as global education funding faces steep cuts.

On July 1, the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) shuttered its doors and any remaining foreign assistance programs were transferred to the Department of State. Yet there is uncertainty about whether and where international basic education programs will find a home, despite

What we do know is that 163 of 165 education programs previously funded by USAID have been terminated. The two that remain – both in the country of Jordan – are having an incredible impact on the children and communities that they serve. This includes providing over 23,500 early-grade teachers with enhanced curricula, teaching and learning materials, and assessments that will increase the learning outcomes of over one million students over five years.

These are the kinds of life-changing interventions that more than 44 million learners around the world – many of them in vulnerable situations – used to receive before USAID disappeared. The U.S. Government’s FY23 Report to Congress on its International Basic Education Strategy provides details about this support including how students in pre-primary, primary, secondary, vocational, and workforce development programs benefited from U.S.-led programming.

We all recognize the importance of investing in a young person’s education. Not only does it benefit them personally, but it helps towns, cities, and countries by equipping society with the human capital needed to thrive. When our neighbors and partners succeed then we, in turn, as a country, benefit. We have more trading partners, other countries can share the burden of responding in times of crisis, and the world becomes safer and stronger because countries have the tools they need to contribute their share to the global economy

While every year of learning generates about a 10% increase in earnings annually for a student, the true value of education extends well beyond financial returns. It broadens the spectrum of individual choice, facilitates the transmission of societal values across generations, and enhances the quality of life. Many countries want to invest in their educational systems but have to make hard choices with limited resources. A helping hand during these trying times can make a world of difference, paying off both for students who see their futures full of possibilities as well as U.S. foreign policy goals.

There is a long road ahead as the U.S. determines how it will approach foreign assistance in the future. Yet, we see two glimmers of hope. One is that Congress has not given up on endorsing these investments. Indeed, the House of Representatives released its draft budget for Fiscal Year 2026 and included $737.6 million for international basic education programs. While this amounts to a decrease of almost $200 million in funding from the previous year, the message came through loud and clear: Education remains a priority.

Second, Secretary Rubio recently appointed a new Special Envoy for Best Future Generations who will serve as a liaison for initiatives impacting the well-being of children both in the U.S. and globally. While specific authorities and activities are yet to be defined, this sends a signal that the U.S. still considers children and youth a necessary priority.

Now is the time to leverage this momentum and ensure that the U.S. continues to champion the transformative power of education. We must build on past investments and successes, not retreat from them. Congress must make its stance clear: The U.S. values international basic education and will continue to fund it accordingly.

We must remember those children who won’t be walking into a classroom this year. For them, school isn’t a given, it’s a dream that would allow them to achieve their full potential. And with U.S. foreign aid for education under threat, that dream is slipping further out of reach.


BEC and Global Campaign for Education-US have long collaborated on advocacy for international basic education — a uniting of voices that is now more critical than ever. Giulia McPherson is the Executive Director of the GCE-US, a broad-based coalition dedicated to ensuring universal quality education for all. She has 20 years of leadership experience in the humanitarian and development sectors. 

All is Not Lost: USAID’s Education Data Has Been Preserved

Authors: Hetal Thukral (sustainED, LLC), Amber Gove (Gove Consulting), Cally Ardington (DataFirst) and Erin Meyer (ICPSR)

When USAID terminated its education programs in early 2025, it also removed public access to a rich collection of data on global learning outcomes–putting at risk two decades of work and hundreds of datasets. These datasets, critical to researchers, implementers and most importantly, decision-makers in each country, were nearly lost. In June 2025, a data sharing agreement between USAID and the University of Michigan’s Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR), allowed these data to be publicly available through the DataLumos platform.

2,500 files from 109 education projects across 43 countries and 20 years were saved

These datasets and their associated files, including instruments, reports and codebooks, were publicly available on USAID’s Data Development Library (DDL) website until early March 2025 when the site went dark. Our endeavor benefited from insider knowledge of USAID’s processes and contracts, initiative from data champions withinUSAID (at the time) and the research data community, and the continued demand for answers across the sector. 

The key ingredient to saving the data? Persistence. From navigating internal processes at USAID (and State Department) at a time when reductions in force and changes in leadership were unpredictable, to finding a trusted, vetted home for federal data - persistence was key.

Getting a data sharing agreement in place in July 2025 between USAID and ICPSR was just the first step to make the data publicly available again. With the agreement in place, copies of USAID education data were securely transferred to ICPSR.

Next, we needed to sort the files and upload them into ICPSR’s platform for at-risk government data, DataLumos. The DDL files had been organized by contract or task order (or more often referred to as ‘projects’), but as we grappled with how best to organize these resources for future users, we realized this framework may be less relevant going forward. We also knew that organizing data files by a project timeline - such as baseline, midline and endline - or by components of an activity - such as data from a parent engagement activity conducted by one implementing organization separately from the classroom interventions conducted by another organization - may require additional information that many external users may not readily have access to.

So, we grouped and reorganized the files by country and within country, by projects. Projects contain all data files relevant to that USAID award. We used projects as the organizing structure because it is predictable. Within projects, we allowed variability in file structures, as many file names and formats differed depending on the submitting organization’s conventions. A combination of automated and human checking was required to identify data files, codebooks, instruments, and reports. 

Once files were sorted, we partnered with the team at Research Data Access and Preservation (RDAP) and ICPSR, to host a hackathon in early August. Invitations were circulated via listservs and social media, inviting the public to join a 90-minute session to help tag datasets and craft summary language for each dataset and country-level collection. Over 110 volunteers helped review data files, match them to project descriptions, and prepare folders to upload into the DataLumos platform. 

For each country, the volunteers helped develop a file that describes the project, characteristics of the sample, languages, and assessments (whether the dataset includes an early grade reading or math assessment (EGRA or EGMA), surveys, or other instruments).

Finally, the DataFirst and ICPSR teams continue to work tirelessly to make all of the USAID education data collection available on the DataLumos platform. As of October 3, 2025, all the data shared by USAID directly with ICPSR has been uploaded to the platform.

How do I access the data?

There are currently two ways to get to the data:

  1. Go to the DataLumos platform and create a free account. Browse by Government Agency and select “United States Agency for International Development.” Within the country folders, we have added an excel file with metadata such as languages, assessment tools, sampling information, and more. 

  2. Access the data via the map below. The country links will take you to the DataLumos platform, where you will still need to create a (free) account to access the files.

What next?

We ask you to add to the USAID education data collection 

We know there are more datasets out there! If you know of data that is missing from the DataLumos repository, you can contribute data yourself. 

What allows all organizations and individuals who collected education data with USAID funds to now share data with ICPSR?

  1. At the time of the Data Sharing Agreement execution in July, USAID legal staff confirmed that there is language embedded in every agreement that allows the implementing partner who collected the data to share it for public use. This falls under intangible property, under 2 CFR 200.315.

  2. USAID’s data sharing agreement with ICPSR states the following: sublicense shall provide any and all rights to Recipient to archive and make available to others the Data, including, but not limited to, the rights to use, disclose, reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, in any manner and for any purpose whatsoever, and to have or permit others to do so, in accordance the terms of this Agreement. Recipient agrees that all Data will be archived and provided to third parties with a license that requires attribution to USAID, as provided in the meta data.

What does this all mean for you? It means that if you have USAID-funded education data, and it's not already in the DataLumos platform, you can share it because a) 2 CFR 200.315 allows you to do so under your sublicense (the federal agency also retains its own licensing rights) and b) the data sharing agreement sublicenses all USAID data to ICPSR with all rights, with attribution to USAID. 

Not sure what to do with your in-process datasets? We are seeking funding for a pool of consultants to strip datasets of Personally Identifiable Information (PII) and create a standardized Public Use File (PUF) version for (as the name indicates) public use. If you already have a PUF but had not uploaded to the DDL, you can upload the PUF (along with codebooks, reports and instruments) to the DataLumos site.

You can also reach out to us if you have questions before you upload or if you would prefer to transfer the files to us to process and upload. We are happy to have a call to share additional lessons. Contact us at usaideducationdata@gmail.com

Please use and encourage others to use the USAID education data collection

Help us get the word out. There are a thousand dissertation’s worth of evidence in these datasets, and we want the world to see what can be done when we share evidence. We can’t wait to see what this community will do with these datasets. 

Help us improve the USAID education data collection

Let’s take advantage of this moment to set ourselves up for the future. We know that the collection has significant gaps - at times you’ll find a dataset but not the instruments or item quality information; you may find a short discussion of the sample but the sampling procedures aren’t documented thoroughly. We are hoping that cleaner, harmonized, streamlined versions of datasets will emerge from the community. As you find yourself curating a collection of datasets, please share them back with DataLumos for the future us to build on.

We have certainly learned the value of redundancy (having data saved and publicly available in multiple places), and we’re looking at the models used by the health sector to standardize processes for posting and embedding the requirements for public use data. Help us improve what we can in this collection by adding what you may have and let’s together create better data management and storage processes in the future. 

When you know better, you do better (thanks, Maya Angelou, we know you were thinking about data when you said that).

Oh, and we’re still working on saving USAID Teaching and Learning Materials. The Early Learning Resource Network will be uploading openly licensed books created with USAID funding to make these available for printing and reuse. We will share more about how and why we make these resources openly available. Reach out to the ELRN team if you want to share your resources with a global audience: info@earlylearningresourcenetwork.org

Case Studies: Impact of Education Program Terminations

Cambodia (IECD – 15M; IPEA – 25M):

  • For years, USAID-funded scholarships helped build a digitally skilled Cambodian workforce by supporting tuition and essentials like laptops, dorms, and health insurance—especially for young women, rural students, and people with disabilities who would otherwise have no access to higher education. Now, that opportunity is disappearing. Ninety-three scholarships already awarded are being revoked, part of a broader freeze impacting 30 USAID contracts worth $260 million. Cutting these programs midstream doesn’t just waste resources—it devastates high-performing students from Cambodia’s poorest communities, many of whom will now be forced to drop out. This reinforces deep inequities—urban over rural, male over female, rich over poor—and closes doors for youth who had finally been given a chance.

  • Impact on Private Sector Partnership: And these USAID scholarships were implemented in cooperation with America's corporate partners, like Meta and Amazon Web Services (AWS), who are eager and working to expand their presence in Southeast Asia and with youth more broadly. If the U.S. is serious about business and regional partnership, pulling out of higher education is short-sighted at best, and self-defeating at worst.

  • Increasing Influence of China: And if the U.S. steps back, others step in. China, for one, is not shy about filling the space.

    • China has already publicly stepped in to continue USAID's literacy programs.) In 2024 alone, China granted full university scholarships to 200 Cambodian students, part of a steady and strategic soft-power competition campaign in the region.

    • China announced that it would be launching a partnership with UNICEF to improve quality inclusive education, health, nutrition, and hygiene for Cambodia’s most vulnerable children.

    • Based on the information provided in the press release, this new effort by China Aid seems to replicate the content of two RTI-implemented USAID programs that were recently terminated: the Integrated Early Childhood Development (IECD – 15M) program and its Inclusive Primary Education Activity (IPEA – 25M). Together, IECD and IPEA were making America safer, stronger, and more prosperous by reducing poverty, building goodwill, and forming a strategic safeguard against Chinese influence in the geopolitically strategic country of Cambodia. The IECD Activity helped Cambodian children and families thrive by improving nutrition for young children, promoting agricultural practices that enhance community nutrition, improving water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices, facilitating screening and access to services for children with developmental delays or disabilities, and helping children meet critical developmental milestones. IECD focused on early childhood, with particular emphasis on the first 1,000 days (from conception to age 2). This project also decreased the risk of human trafficking of vulnerable children, thus cutting off funding sources for transnational criminal organizations – including organizations that traffic not only in humans but also fentanyl. IPEA supported the development and implementation of Cambodia’s reading program for grades 1-3, thereby expanding access to high-quality education for students nationwide, including children with disabilities. This programming was a force multiplier in the pursuit of sustainable economic growth, poverty alleviation, social stability, and participatory democracy. The China Aid launch event in Phnom Penh was held one week to the day after USAID canceled both projects.

    • In March 2025, the Trump Administration eliminated two U.S.-supported aid projects aimed at promoting childhood literacy and improving nutrition for children under five in Cambodia. Subsequently, China’s foreign assistance agency announced funding through UNICEF for comparable child education and nutrition programs. (Page 71 of the Committee on Foreign Relations Report – “The Price of Retreat: America Cedes Global Leadership to China”)

    • In Cambodia, China signed cooperation agreements spanning key sectors including energy, education, infrastructure, trade, connectivity and tourism. (Page 69 of the Committee on Foreign Relations Report – “The Price of Retreat: America Cedes Global Leadership to China”)

  • Indonesia ($5M)

    • In March 2025, the Trump Administration terminated a $5 million USAID award that had previously helped the Indonesian International Education Foundation (IIEF) secure $26 million in 2024 to send Indonesians to American universities. The first Trump Administration had supported this activity in 2020. Before its contract termination in March 2025, IIEF was confident it could substantially grow the pipeline of Indonesian students sent to the United States. As a result of the Trump Administration’s foreign assistance freeze, Indonesian scholars had their scholarship plans abruptly disrupted, including a student planning to pursue a doctorate at the University of Rhode Island. Meanwhile, China aggressively recruits Indonesian students to its universities through its “Study in China” initiative, contributing to more than 10,000 Indonesians who study in China each year. (Annex Page 3 of the Committee on Foreign Relations Report – “The Price of Retreat: America Cedes Global Leadership to China”)

  • Honduras ($8M):

    • Project Name: Early Childhood Education for Youth Employability (ECEYE)

    • Termination Status: Terminated

    • Description: in partnership with the Honduran Ministry of Education and the private sector, the ECEYE activity aimed to improve the quality of pre-primary education for young children between the ages of 3 to 6 in Honduras. As a result of the termination, more than 100,000 young children won’t benefit from the intervention. The activity was also going to improve employability and economic status for 25,000 young mothers and fathers (while also providing them with quality childcare opportunities), addressing one of the drivers of irregular migration.

  • West Bank and Gaza ($49M):

    • Project Name: Basic Education Activity (BEA)

    • Termination status: Terminated

    • Description: The Basic Education Activity (BEA) worked closely with local organizations and stakeholders to strengthen non-governmental education services and improve the wellbeing and learning outcomes of children in kindergarten through grade 6.

    • U.S. Strategic Objectives: the activity supported the resumption of social services in Gaza, and the use of education as a means to increase stability and mitigate violent extremism, while providing access to important psychosocial support for children coping with the negative impacts of disaster and conflict.

    • Implementing partners: Creative Associate International (MD) and local implementing partners.

  • Uzbekistan ($25M):

    • Termination Status: Terminated

    • As part of longstanding U.S.-Uzbekistan education cooperation, two critical initiatives—in-service training for 200,000 teachers and updated materials for 27,000 future educators—are now at risk due to project suspensions. If in-service training is halted, 40,000 teachers will miss essential professional development, directly impacting the quality of instruction for millions of primary school children. Delays in updating pre-service curricula jeopardize the training of future teachers, threatening the long-term quality of education across the country.

    • Cutting these programs weakens children’s learning outcomes and undermines reforms designed to raise educational standards. It also damages U.S. credibility and leadership in a key strategic region.

    • When we pull back from successful partnerships, we leave a vacuum that others will fill—making America weaker, not stronger.

  • Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC):

    • Termination Status: Terminated

    • Jennifer, a USAID colleague, was stationed overseas with her colleagues to promote access to education amongst the highly fragile and conflict-ridden DRC. Just one day after the global stop work order was issued (January 25, 2025), Rwandan-backed militants overtook the capital city and displaced upwards of 10,000 people. In regular circumstances, Jennifer and her team would launch into action to provide services to the youth impacted by this conflict, youth that are particularly vulnerable to forced military service, forced child labor in nearby mines, gender-based violence, and other horrors of conflict. Instead, Jennifer and her team were forced to wait for waivers that never came – to date, none of the education programming operating prior to January 24th in the DRC has resumed. This is a missed opportunity to provide life-saving assistance and ensure the next generation of children in the DRC are able to pursue bright futures rather than succumb to extremism and worse, outcomes that will impact regional security and could lead to increased US military presence in the future.

  • Nigeria:

    • Termination Status: Terminated

    • Inclusive Development Partners (IDP) is a Kansas-based, women-owned small business that, until recently, partnered with USAID to institutionalize best practices related to inclusivity in education, particularly for children with disabilities, all around the world. In Nigeria, for example, IDP worked to ensure that out-of-school children – many of whom have disabilities – were finally reached with educational opportunities to ensure these otherwise overlooked youth were able to gain foundational skills, including literacy, numeracy, and social and emotional skills, in order to progress to higher levels of education, training and/or engagement in the workforce. This program not only was life changing for the children beneficiaries, their families, and their communities, but also decreased the risk of destabilizing factors like human trafficking and extremist recruitment – both of which are key to American interests in maintaining stability in Nigeria and the broader region.

  • Algeria (1.2M):

    • The suspension of the WE2-Design Program in Algeria has blocked 800 women and youth in eight communities from launching small businesses that respond to local economic needs.

      • This makes America less safe: Algeria borders unstable regions where extremist groups operate. By cutting off economic opportunities, we leave vulnerable populations exposed to terrorist recruitment tactics based on financial desperation. Fewer options for youth means more openings for extremism.

      • This makes America weaker: The U.S. exit leaves a vacuum that China and Russia are eager to fill. Abruptly halting support damages trust, undermines U.S. credibility, and reinforces authoritarian influence in a strategic region.

      • This makes America less prosperous: A stable, growing Algerian economy creates future markets for U.S. businesses in energy, infrastructure, and tech. Without engagement, China will continue locking the U.S. out of valuable opportunities.

    • In short, ending this program doesn’t just hurt local women and youth—it harms U.S. security, economic competitiveness, and global leadership.

  • Zambia (50M):

    • Termination Status: Terminated

    • After four years of progress transforming pre-service teacher training in Zambia, the project’s final and most critical phase—transferring leadership to the Ministry of Education—has been halted due to the foreign aid freeze. This puts the literacy gains of thousands of Zambian children at risk. Without trained teachers, students are less likely to learn to read, increasing dropout rates and perpetuating poverty.

      • This makes America less safe: A generation of Zambian youth growing up without basic literacy weakens economic prospects and heightens the risk of social instability, which extremist groups can exploit—undermining regional and global security.

      • This makes America weaker: By walking away at the handover stage, the U.S. breaks trust and loses influence in Zambia, where China remains a visible and reliable partner. It signals to our allies that U.S. commitments can vanish overnight.

      • This makes America less prosperous: Stalled education reforms mean higher unemployment in Zambia and fewer future markets for U.S. trade and investment. A more educated Zambia benefits global stability and creates economic opportunity for both countries.

    • This funding pause threatens not just a project, but the future of Zambian children—and America’s role as a trusted global leader.

  • Malawi (15.6M):

    • Termination Status: Terminated

    • All USAID programming in Malawi—including the STEP teacher training initiative—has been abruptly halted, leaving 90,000 primary school teachers without essential training in early-grade literacy and numeracy. This directly harms millions of Malawian children, who will now continue to receive poor-quality instruction. Without basic reading skills, students are more likely to drop out, fall into poverty, or become vulnerable to exploitation.

      • This makes America less safe: By walking away from foundational education, we forfeit a key tool for building stability in Southern Africa—opening space for extremist groups to exploit vulnerable youth and further destabilize the region.

      • This makes America weaker: The sudden termination of programs has damaged U.S. credibility. Local leaders now say China keeps its promises while America walks away. China’s airport road is on time and visible—U.S. education programs have vanished.

      • This makes America less prosperous: A poorly educated workforce limits Malawi’s economic growth and future trade potential. And with no active programming, U.S. companies lose the chance to introduce educational tools and technology, ceding influence to competitors.

    • In short, ending this program doesn't just hurt teachers and children—it harms America's global reputation, weakens our alliances, and limits future economic opportunity.

  • South Sudan ($43M)

    • Project Name: USAID South Sudan Youth Empowerment Activity

    • Termination Status: Terminated

    • The USAID Youth Empowerment Activity (YEA) reached 20,500 out-of-school youth in South Sudan, providing literacy, numeracy, health education, and business skills—especially for young women who made up 62% of participants. Despite operating in one of the world’s harshest environments, YEA empowered youth to read for the first time, launch businesses, and lead in their communities. Yet, just 2.5 years into a 4-year plan, the program was terminated. Cutting this program denies thousands of young people the chance to read, earn, and lead, leaving them vulnerable to poverty, exploitation, and instability.

      • This makes America less safe: Youth without education or economic opportunity are more likely to be exploited by violent or extremist groups, fueling insecurity in a fragile region.

      • This makes America weaker: The U.S. walked away midstream. China and other powers now appear more reliable partners in the eyes of local communities.

      • This makes America less prosperous: We’ve lost the chance to support a rising generation of entrepreneurs, workers, and future partners—limiting long-term economic and diplomatic opportunity.

    • Ending YEA didn't just end a program—it ended opportunity for thousands of youth who saw education as their way forward.

  • Tibet ($40M)

    • Termination Status: Terminated

    • In March 2025, the Trump Administration terminated approximately $40 million in support for ethnic Tibetans in exile, including $2 million to promote education among Tibetan children. USAID has also supported Tibet’s government in exile’s ability to push back against China’s propaganda. The Chinese government has led a decades long crackdown on independent voices inside and outside of Tibet. As recently as June 2025, IBM reported that Chinese-affiliated actors were leading a hacking campaign to spy against Tibetan groups in the lead up to the Dalai Lama’s 90th birthday on July 6. (Page 74 of the Committee on Foreign Relations Report – “The Price of Retreat: America Cedes Global Leadership to China”)

  • The Gambia ($25M)

    • In December 2024, MCC selected The Gambia as eligible to develop a compact based in part on its performance under its $25 million threshold program. The compact would address economic underutilization of the Gambia River for transport and tourism and low enrollment and poor quality of education. In a June 2025 briefing, MCC informed the Senate Foreign Relations Committee staff that development plans for this compact have been placed on hold due to the Trump Administration’s foreign assistance review. Meanwhile, China continues to build infrastructure around The Gambia River, including announcements in August 2024 that they would construct two bridges to boost transportation. (Annex Page 15 of the Committee on Foreign Relations Report – “The Price of Retreat: America Cedes Global Leadership to China”)

  • Africa:

    • At the 2024 Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, China announced it would establish an alliance of Chinese and African hospitals that includes joint medical centers to elevate China-Africa health cooperation. Beijing announced that it would provide training for 100 African medical professionals and support the development and operation of Africa’s Centres for Disease Control and Prevention headquarters and its sub-regional centers. China will also provide Africa with approximately $840 million in military grant support to strengthen African armed forces, train 6,000 African military personnel and invite 500 African military officers to undergo training in China. Beijing will also train 1,000 police enforcement officers across the continent. Lastly, Beijing will provide “Chinese language plus vocational skills” education in Africa, roll out Chinese-language workshops and train African personnel with Chinese language proficiency and vocational skills. (Annex Page 7 of the Committee on Foreign Relations Report – “The Price of Retreat: America Cedes Global Leadership to China”)

  • Global:

    • Makes drastic cuts to U.S. humanitarian and food assistance: The Trump Administration’s FY 2026 budget request proposes cutting lifesaving humanitarian assistance by 61%. These cuts would eliminate the procurement and delivery of U.S.- grown food aid. The proposal would also terminate international food assistance programs, including Food for Peace, Food for Progress, and the McGovern-Dole Food for Education programs that purchase millions of tons of commodities from American farmers such as wheat, rice, beans and sorghum. Meanwhile, as China continues to develop its own foreign assistance capabilities, it is gaining ground by attempting to recreate U.S. assistance programming. (Page 19 of the Committee on Foreign Relations Report – “The Price of Retreat: America Cedes Global Leadership to China”)

    • The Trump Administration’s FY2026 budget request would eliminate Educational and Cultural Affairs (ECA) funding by 93%. Instead of offering an alternative to programs it disagrees with, the Trump Administration is choosing to abandon decades of U.S. cultural and educational leadership and cede these opportunities to Beijing. (Page 50 of the Committee on Foreign Relations Report – “The Price of Retreat: America Cedes Global Leadership to China”)